Mid 17th-century science is the seeding period. Discovery telescope near the beginning of the century that has revolutionized the entire opinion about the science of astrology. English philosopher Francis Bacon and the French philosopher Rene Descartes both call upon scientists across Europe for no longer rely on the authority of Aristotle, but to experiment and research on the basic point of departure and his own purposes. What was put forward by Bacon and Descartes, has been practiced by the great Galileo. The use of telescope, a new discovery for astronomy research by Newton has revolutionized the field investigation, and he did in the mechanics sector has resulted in what is now known as "Newton's laws of motion" of the first.
Other great scientists, like William Harvey, discoverer of blood circulation affairs and governance inventor Johannes Kepler planet-planet movement around the sun, presents very basic information for the scholars. Even so, pure science is still a favorite of the intellectuals, and still has not been proven - when used in technology - that science can change the basic pattern of human life as predicted by Francis Bacon.
While Copernicus and Galileo was kicked to the side a few presumption digress about the ancient knowledge and has been presenting a more genah understanding about the universe, but no one ever thought the principal carefully formulated that is able to deflect the pile understanding landless and unfounded as she put them in a theoretical predictions allows the development of a more scientific. None other than Isaac Newton was the one who could deliver a collection of neatly summarized the theory and laid the first stone of modern science that is now the current is so fad people.
Newton himself somewhat reluctantly publish and announce its findings. The basic idea was drawn up long before 1669, but many new theories were publicly known for years afterward. Issuance of the first inventions was concerned penjungkir reversal, the old notion of things light. In a series of careful experiments, Newton discovered the fact that what is commonly called the "white light" is actually none other than that contained a mixture of all colors in the rainbow. And he was very careful analysis of the legal consequences of reflection and refraction of light. Sticking to the law this is it - in 1668 - designed and well built the first reflecting telescope, binoculars model used by most investigators kemintang star today. These findings, together with the results obtained in the field of optical experiments that have been diperagakannya, dedicated by him to the British royal institute researcher when he was twenty-nine years.
The success of Newton in the field of optics have probably been sufficient to put Newton on the order list this book. While it is still there discoveries that are less important in the field of pure mathematics and in the field of mechanics. Greatest offerings in the field of mathematics is the discovery of "integral calculus" which may be solved when he was twenty-three or twenty-four years. This discovery is the most important works in the field of modern mathematics. Not just like a seed that grows from it the theory of modern mathematics, but furniture is also inevitable that without the discovery that the progress of modern science that came after is impossible. Although Newton did not do anything else, the discovery of "integral calculus" it alone is sufficient to lead him into a tall ladder in the list order this book.
But Newton's discoveries that are most important in the field of mechanics, knowledge about the movement of a thing. Galileo was the inventor of the first law of motion of an object that describes when not influenced by outside forces. Of course, essentially all objects are influenced by external forces and the most important issue in the matter of mechanics is how objects move in that state. This problem is solved by Newton's second law of motion and famous and can be regarded as laws of classical physics the most important. The second law (in matcmatik described dcngan equation F = ma) stipulates that the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force divided by mass of the body. Against Newton's second law adds the famous third law of motion (affirms that in every action, such as physical strength, there is a reaction similar to that conflict) and the most famous discovery of the scientific principle of universal law of gravity. The four devices to this law, if combined, would form a unified system applicable for the whole macro-mechanics systems, ranging from pergoyangan pendulum to planet-planet motion in its orbit around the sun that can be monitored and his movements can be predicted. Newton did not just set the laws of mechanics, but he himself also uses the tools of mathematical calculus, and show that these fundamental formulas can be used for solving problems.
Newton's Laws can and has been used in large-scale scientific field and the field of design of various technical equipment. In his lifetime, pemraktekan the most dramatic is in the field of astronomy. In this sector, even Newton standing at the front. Year 1678 Newton published his book of famous mathematical principles of natural philosophy (usually summarized Principia only). In this book Newton put forward his theory of gravity law and the laws of motion. He shows how these laws can be used to reliably estimate the planetary movements around the sun-planet. The main problem gestures astronomy is how to estimate the exact position and movement kemintang star and planet-planet, thus fully solved by Newton only once snapped. For his work was Newton is often considered the greatest astronomer of all the biggest.
What is our assessment of the significance of scholarly Newton? If we open the open the index encyclopedia of science, we will meet along with particulars regarding Newton's laws and its findings on two or three times more numerous than the particulars of any scientist, too. Great scholars word that Leibniz was not close to Newton even been involved in a bitter disputes: "Of all the matters relating to the mathematics of the world began to grow until the Newton, the ones who give the best contribution." Also praise given by the great French scholar, Laplace: "The book Principia Newton was far ahead of all products of human genius in the world." And Langrange often said that Newton was the greatest genius who ever lived. While Ernst Mach in his writing in 1901 said, "All the mathematical problem is solved since the days of his life is the basis for the development of mechanics based on Newton's laws." This is probably the major discovery of the most intricate Newton: he found the container separation between fact and law, able to describe some of the magic but not much help to make these allegations, he bequeathed to us the laws of the continuum that can be used for problems in space physics a very broad scope of confidential and contain the possibility to make the right guesses.
In this brief description, it is impossible to expose in detail the discoveries of Newton. As a result, many works that are somewhat less well known are forced to set aside even have an important meaning in terms of discoveries in the field of its own problems. Newton also made great contributions in the field of thermodynamics (the investigation of the heat) and in the field of acoustics (the science of sound). And he was precisely that presents a clear explanation of how crystal physics principles of "preservation" of the motion so as not to waste as well as "preservation" of the angular motion of something. Queue this invention can be extended again if you like: Newtonlah man who invented the binomial theorem in mathematics is very logical and accountable. Want to add anymore? He also, none other than, the first person who expresses convincingly Happenings origin of stars. Well, now because this way: put the scientist Newton was the most thumbs of all scientists who ever lived on earth. Most sheen like emerald in the center stack stone. Put it that way. However, there may be people who question what the reasons put Newton on the giant frontman politicians such as Alexander the Great or George Washington, and called ahead than the major religious figures such as the Prophet Jesus, or Gautama Buddha. Why should it?
Consideration of me this way. It's true that political changes were important if not paramount importance. Even so, however, generally the largest in part of human life hardly much difference between them at the time of five hundred years after Alexander died with them in the days of five hundred before Alexander emerged from the womb of his mother. In other words, the way people live in in 1500 AD arguably similar to the way of living great-great-son, son of their great-grandfather in 1500 BC. Now, look at from the point of development of science. In five of the last century, thanks to modern scientific discoveries, the way of everyday human life has experienced great revolution. How to dress differently, eat different ways, different ways of working and manifold. In fact, how to live a relaxed lounge-inattentive even not at all similar to what was done one time in 1500 AD. Scientific discovery has not only revolutionized technology and economics, but also have changed the total in terms of political, religious thought, art and philosophy. Very langkalah aspects of human life are still "squat in place" not moved an inch even in the presence of a scientific revolution. The reason for this - once again for this reason - that became the reason why so many scientists and inventors of new ideas contained in this book list. Newton not only the most intelligent among the rows of smart brains brains, but at the same time he was the most influential figures in the development of scientific theory. That's why he got the honor to mounted in the sequence is almost the top of many of the most influential man in human history. Newton's final breath in 1727, was interred in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to get that kind of respect.
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